| Sažetak | Cilj je rada bio istražiti prevalenciju i spolne razlike u prevalencijama doživljavanja i počinjavanja elektroničkoga nasilja i njegovih oblika među studentima i ispitati povezanost te spolne i dobne razlike u povezanosti između doživljavanja i počinjavanja elektroničkoga nasilja. Nadalje su se ispitivale spolne razlike u komunikacijskim modalitetima u kojima je doživljeno elektroničko nasilje te u spolu počinitelja elektroničkoga nasilja prema iskazima studenata. Također, ispitale su se spolne razlike u reakcijama na doživljeno elektroničko nasilje i u ulogama promatrača elektroničkoga nasilja. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku hrvatskih studenata u dobi 18–29 godina online anketom. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 256 sudionika (178 studentica i 78 studenata). Prema dobivenim rezultatima, ukupna je prevalencija doživljavanja elektroničkoga nasilja 49,2%, a počinjavanja 23,8%, pri čemu su prevalencije učestaloga doživljavanja i počinjavanja nasilja bile 10,2%, odnosno 1,6%. Ukupno je 45,8% ispitanika uključeno u elektroničko nasilje, bilo u ulozi žrtve, nasilnika ili nasilnika-žrtve, osim eventualno kao promatrači, kojih je bilo 58,2%. Najčešći oblici elektroničkoga nasilja bili su uvrede i širenje glasina. U ukupnoj prevalenciji doživljavanja i počinjavanja elektroničkoga nasilja nema statistički značajnih razlika među spolovima, no rezultati upućuju na nešto veću uključenost muških ispitanika u počinjenje elektroničkoga nasilja na razini pojedinih čestica. Rezultati su pokazali negativnu povezanost između doživljavanja elektroničkoga nasilja i dobi. Utvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između elektroničke viktimizacije i nasilništva, a povezanost se pokazala jačom kod muških ispitanika. Prema iskazima i muških i ženskih ispitanika, njihovi su počinitelji češće muškarci. Razlike među spolovima pronađene su i u doživljavanju nasilja u pojedinim elektroničkim okruženjima, u reakcijama na elektroničko nasilje te u ulogama online promatrača, s većom zastupljenošću muških ispitanika u ulozi online pomoćnika. Rezultati upućuju na to da je elektroničko nasilje učestala pojava među hrvatskim studentima te kako je spol, zajedno s dobi, bitna varijabla koja može pomoći u njegovu dubljem razumijevanju. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and gender differences in the prevalence of cybervictimization and cyberperpetration and their forms among university students, and to examine the relationship, as well as gender and age differences in the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberperpetration. In addition, the study examined gender differences in the modes of communication in which cybervictimization occurs, and differences in the gender of the cyberaggressor as reported by students. Gender differences in the reactions victims display against cyberbullying and in the roles of cyberbystanders were also examined. The research was conducted on a sample of Croatian students aged 18–29 years using an online survey. A total of 256 respondents (178 female and 78 male students) participated in the study. According to the results, the overall prevalence of cybervictimization was 49.2% and that of cyberperpetration was 23.8%, with the prevalence rates for severe cybervictimization and cyberperpetration being 10.2% and 1.6%, respectively. Overall, 45.8% of the respondents had been involved in cyberbullying, either as a victim, perpetrator, or both, with the exception of cyberbystanders, out of which 58.2% had been involved. The most common forms of cyberbullying were insults and spreading rumours. There were no statistically significant gender differences in the overall prevalence of cybervictimization and cyberperpetration; however, the results suggest slightly higher involvement of male respondents in cyberperpetration at the individual item level. Results indicated a negative correlation between cybervictimization and age. A positive correlation was found between cybervictimization and cyberperpetration, with a stronger relationship observed among male participants. Both males and females indicated that their perpetrator was more often male. Gender differences were also found in cybervictimization in specific electronic environments, in responses to cybervictimization, and in the roles of cyberbystanders, with males more likely to participate as cyberbully assistants. Results suggest that cyberbullying is prevalent among Croatian university students and that gender, along with age, is an important variable that can contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Key words: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and gender differences in the prevalence of cybervictimization and cyberperpetration and their forms among university students, and to examine the relationship, as well as gender and age differences in the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberperpetration. In addition, the study examined gender differences in the modes of communication in which cybervictimization occurs, and differences in the gender of the cyberaggressor as reported by students. Gender differences in the reactions victims display against cyberbullying and in the roles of cyberbystanders were also examined. The research was conducted on a sample of Croatian students aged 18–29 years using an online survey. A total of 256 respondents (178 female and 78 male students) participated in the study. According to the results, the overall prevalence of cybervictimization was 49.2% and that of cyberperpetration was 23.8%, with the prevalence rates for severe cybervictimization and cyberperpetration being 10.2% and 1.6%, respectively. Overall, 45.8% of the respondents had been involved in cyberbullying, either as a victim, perpetrator, or both, with the exception of cyberbystanders, out of which 58.2% had been involved. The most common forms of cyberbullying were insults and spreading rumours. There were no statistically significant gender differences in the overall prevalence of cybervictimization and cyberperpetration; however, the results suggest slightly higher involvement of male respondents in cyberperpetration at the individual item level. Results indicated a negative correlation between cybervictimization and age. A positive correlation was found between cybervictimization and cyberperpetration, with a stronger relationship observed among male participants. Both males and females indicated that their perpetrator was more often male. Gender differences were also found in cybervictimization in specific electronic environments, in responses to cybervictimization, and in the roles of cyberbystanders, with males more likely to participate as cyberbully assistants. Results suggest that cyberbullying is prevalent among Croatian university students and that gender, along with age, is an important variable that can contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. |
